Three wheel vehicle

ABSTRACT

A three wheel vehicle is provided with improved drive and handling characteristics, especially when turning. The three wheel vehicle includes a frame with a pair of front wheel and axle assemblies rotatably mounted on either side near the front of the frame. A rear fork, wheel and axle assembly is mounted at the rear center of the frame which is rotatable and laterally pivotable for turning the vehicle. Steering means are provided for rotating the fork and pivoting the fork laterally in a direction opposite the direction of turning the vehicle. Preferred drive means provide two wheel positive forward drive and pedal actuated independent dual braking.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to three wheel vehicles, and, more particularly,to a three wheel vehicle with improved drive and handlingcharacteristics.

2. Description of the Prior Art

In these days of widespread interest in energy conservation and concernover rapidly depleting petroleum supplies, energy efficienttransportation has received much attention. In addition, an increasedawareness of the contribution of automobiles to air and noise pollutionand highway conjestion have also caused a re-evaluation of ourtransportation methods. Although in modern times, manually operatedcycles such as bicycles and tricycles have been used primarily among theyoung or for recreational or exercise purposes, these cycles have becomeincreasingly important as means for energy efficient and pollution-freetransportation. Accordingly, there has been considerable activity in thecycle industry and by concerned citizens in general in attempting toimprove these vehicles to enhance their comfort, handling and stabilitycharacteristics so as to encourage more widespread use. With respect totricycles or three wheel vehicles, one constant problem has been thetendency of them to tip when cornering. A second area of interest withrespect to tricycles has been to improve conventional tricycle drive andbraking systems. Thus, there is a present desire and, in fact, a needfor improved manually operated or motor assisted cycles, especiallytricycles since they can provide increased rider comfort as well asbetter storage capabilities as compared with bicycles.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the present invention, there is provided a three wheelvehicle which has improved stability, handling and steering capabilitiesand which also includes an improved drive and braking system. The threewheel vehicle of the present invention includes a frame with a pair offront wheel and axle assemblies rotatably mounted on either side nearthe front of the frame. A rear wheel fork is mounted at the rear centerof the frame rotatably about a generally vertical axis and pivotablylaterally. Preferably, the fork is tilted slightly from an exactvertical axis, as shown in FIG. 1, for increased stability as discussedhereinafter. A rear wheel and axle assembly is rotatably mounted in thefork, and steering means are provided for rotating the fork and forpivoting the fork laterally in a direction opposite the direction ofturning the vehicle.

The rear wheel fork is mounted to the frame preferably by a generallyhorizontal strut member with the proximal end of the strut member beingpivotably mounted at the rear center of the frame and the fork beingrotatably mounted at the distal end of the strut member. The strutmember is pivotally mounted by means of a generally vertical shaftrigidly affixed to the proximal end of the strut with the shaft beingrotatably mounted at the rear center of the frame.

The preferred steering means includes a steering wheel rotatably mountednear the front of the frame with a steering sprocket at the lower endthereof. A pair of sprockets are rigidly affixed to the end of the shaftwhich depends below the rear strut. A sprocket is rigidly mounted nearthe top end of the fork below the strut. A first endless loop chaininterconnects the steering wheel sprocket with one of the shaftsprockets, and a second endless loop chain interconnects the other ofthe shaft sprockets and the fork sprocket.

For improved stability upon turning, a guide means is preferablyprovided at the rear of the frame which engages the fork for stabilizingthe fork when the strut is pivoted laterally. The preferred guide meansincludes a generally horizontal guide plate or frame mounted at the rearof the frame in front of the fork and below the strut. The guide platehas an arcuate rear portion. A guide sprocket is affixed to the upperend of the fork and below the strut and in the same general plane as theguide plate. A guide chain engages the guide sprocket with its free endsattached to either side of the guide plate.

A follower assembly is provided between the guide plate and the guidesprocket mounted transversely to the strut which includes a rigid armhaving horizontal rollers mounted below the ends thereof. The spacebetween the rollers is less than the diameter of the guide sprocket, andthe guide chain passes between the rollers and in contact therewith.

Drive means are provided for positively driving at least one of thefront wheels of the vehicle. In the preferred drive means, both frontwheels are positively driven and independently braked. The preferreddrive means includes a rotatable pedal and drive sprocket assemblymounted at the front center of the frame or off center in the case of atwo passenger vehicle. A transverse axle is rotatably mounted on theframe between the pedal and the drive sprocket assembly and the rear ofthe frame. A solid mounted sprocket is provided on each end of thetransverse drive axle. A free-wheeling sprocket assembly in engageablealignment with the transverse axle assembly end sprockets, respectively.Each front wheel and axle assembly also preferably includes a brakemeans, with coaster brakes being especially preferred.

A transmission assembly is rotatably mounted on the frame between thetransverse axle and the pedal and drive sprocket assembly and has first,second and third solid mounted transmission sprockets, with the firsttransmission sprocket being in chain engageable alignment with the drivesprocket. A first free-wheeling sprocket is mounted on the transverseaxle in the forward drive orientation in chain engageable alignment withthe third transmission sprocket. A second free-wheeling sprocket ismounted on the transverse axle in the reverse drive orientation in chainengageable alignment with the second transmission sprocket.

Endless loop chains interconnect each of the front wheel sprockets andthe corresponding transverse axle end sprockets, the drive sprocket andthe first transmission sprocket, the second transmission sprocket andthe second free-wheeling sprocket, and the third transmission sprocketand the first free-wheeling sprocket.

Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention contemplatestwo front wheels and a single steerable rear wheel, the steering anddrive improvements of the present invention can be utilized in atricycle with a pair of rear wheels and a single front steerable wheel.Also, the transmission assembly could be located forward of the pedaland sprocket assembly.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the three wheel vehicle of thepresent invention; and

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the three wheel vehicle of the presentinvention with the rear wheel shown in phantom in a turning position.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to the drawings in greater detail, the unique three wheelvehicle of the present invention includes a frame 10, a pair of frontwheel and axle assemblies including wheels 11 and axles 12, and a rearwheel and axle assembly including rear wheel 13 and axle 14. Wheels 11are mounted on either side near the front of frame 10 and rear wheel 13is mounted at the rear center of frame 10.

Steering of the three wheel vehicle is accomplished by the turning ofrear wheel 13. To provide turning capability for wheel 13, the rearwheel and axle assembly is rotatably mounted in fork 15. At the top offork 15 is integral mandral 16 which is rotatably mounted through anaperture in the distal end of strut 17. The proximal end of strut 17 is,in turn, pivotably mounted to the rear center of frame 10 by means ofrigidly attached shaft 18 which is rotatably mounted in bearing guides19 on frame 10. The purpose of utilizing pivoting strut 17 in themounting of rear wheel 13 is so that when rear wheel 13 is turned forsteering the vehicle, strut 17 is simultaneously pivoted in thedirection opposite the direction of the turn to thereby move wheel 13laterally as shown in phantom in FIG. 2 to prevent tipping of thevehicle during the turning sequence, especially at higher speeds. Inaddition, a smaller turning radii is provided for the vehicle.

The turning of wheel 13 and the lateral displacement thereof via thepivoting of strut 17 are accomplished by a steering assembly whichincludes steering wheel 20, which is rotatably mounted near the front offrame 10 and which has a steering sprocket 21 at the lower end thereof.Strut shaft 18 depends below strut 17, and a pair of sprockets 22 and 23are rigidly affixed to the depending end of shaft 18. A fork sprocket 24is rigidly mounted to fork mandral 16 below strut 17 to be chainengageable with shaft sprocket 22. Endless loop chain 25 interconnectsfork sprocket 24 and sprocket 22. A second endless loop chain 26interconnects sprocket 23 with steering sprocket 21 via guide pulleys 27and 28 which are attached to frame 10. Because chain 26 passes aroundpulley 28, the rear wheel will be turned in a direction opposite theintended turning direction.

In order to provide increased stability for fork 15 and thus rear wheel13 when turning, guide means are provided at the rear of frame 10. Asshown, the guide means includes a generally horizontal guide plate orframe 30 mounted at the rear of frame 10 in front of fork 15 and belowstrut 17. Guide plate 30 has an arcuate rear portion which has a radiuswhich is sized so that the guide follower assembly, discussed below,maintains the guide chain in contact therewith during lateraldisplacement of strut 17. Guide sprocket 31 is affixed to mandral 16above guide sprocket 24 and below strut 17 and in the same general planeas guide plate 30. Guide chain 32 engages guide sprocket 31 with thefree ends thereof 33 and 34 being attached to each side of guide plate30, respectively.

A follower assembly is provided between guide plate 30 and guidesprocket 32 and is mounted transversely to strut 17. The followerassembly includes a rigid arm 35 with horizontal rollers 36 mountedbelow each end thereof. The space between the rollers is less than thediameter of guide sprocket 31, and guide chain 32 passes between rollers36 in contact therewith.

The operation of the steering means is initiated by turning steeringwheel 20. Upon turning steering wheel 20, steering sprocket 21 will beturned to turn shaft sprocket 23 via chain 26. The rotation of shaftsprocket 23 causes shaft 18 to rotate thereby pivoting strut 17laterally to a position opposite the direction of turning such as shownin phantom in FIG. 2. Simultaneously, the rotation of shaft sprocket 23will cause shaft sprocket 22 to rotate to thereby rotate fork sprocket24 via chain 25 to rotate fork 15 and thus turn wheel 13, also as shownin phantom in FIG. 2. Finally, the rotation of fork sprocket 214 causesfork sprocket 31 to rotate thereby permitting guide chain 32 to be fedout between roller 36 on the side of the turning direction and guideplate 30 while chain 32 at all times maintains tension between fork 15and frame 10 for increased stability.

Thus, by this steering mechanism, upon turning a corner, the lateraldisplacement of rear wheel 13, as shown in phantom in FIG. 2, preventstipping of the vehicle. In addition, by a tilted mounting of fork 15which is preferred, as shown in FIG. 1, the contact point of rear wheel13 with the ground is shifted further from the vehicle center line tofurther increase the vehicle stability beyond the amount of lateraldisplacement contributed by the displacement of strut 17. When a turn iscompleted, the steering wheel is turned in the opposite direction andthe reverse of the above sequence takes place to return rear wheel 13 tothe straight-ahead position or beyond to an opposite turning direction.Because of the unique construction of the steering mechanism, a smooth,continuous and wobble-free steering action is achieved, while greatlyenhancing the stability of the vehicle during turns and providing asmaller turning radii.

While conventional driving means can be employed to move the vehicle,including a power drive or power assisted manual drive, the preferredembodiment of the present invention includes a unique drive system whichprovides two-wheel positive drive and independent dual braking. In thepreferred drive system, a rotatable pedal and drive sprocket assembly ismounted at the front center of frame 10 (or off center in a twopassenger vehicle) which includes pedal assembly 40 and solid mounteddrive sprocket 41. Transverse axle 42 is rotatably mounted on frame 10,preferably, between the pedal and drive sprocket assembly and the rearof the frame at about the mid-point of frame 10. Solid mounted sprockets43 are provided on each end of axle 42. Free-wheeling sprocketassemblies 44 are mounted on each front wheel and axle assembly, withsprockets 45 being in chain engageable alignment with sprockets 43,respectively. A pair of endless loop chains 46 interconnect sprockets 43and 45, respectively. In the preferred embodiment, each sprocketassembly 44 includes a brake means such as a conventional coaster brakeor a disc brake which is actuated when the direction of rotation of thesprockets 45 is reversed.

A pair of free-wheeling sprockets 47 and 48 are mounted near the centerof axle 42 side by side. Free-wheeling sprockets 47 and 48 can be of theconventional construction which employs a ratchet device having aratchet wheel and pawl. These free-wheeling sprockets, which arecommonly used on multi-speed bicycles, provide a rotational drive forcewhen pedalling and permit continued rotation or coasting when pedallingis stopped and when backpedalling. Free-wheeling sprocket 47 is mountedso that the drive force is provided when pedalling in the forwarddirection. Free-wheeling sprocket 48 is mounted in the reverse directionso that a drive force is provided when the pedals are pedalled inreverse.

A transmission assembly 49 is rotatably mounted on frame 10 in front offree-wheeling sprockets 47 and 48. Transmission assembly 49 has threesolid mounted sprockets 50, 51 and 52. Sprocket 50 is in chainengagement alingment with drive sprocket 41 and is interconnectedtherewith by endless loop chain 53. Reverse drive sprocket 48 is inchain engageable alignment with transmission sprocket 51 and isconnected therewith by endless loop chain 54. Forward drive sprocket 47is in chain engageable alignment with transmission sprocket 52 and isinterconnected therewith by endless loop chain 55. The operation of theunique drive assembly may now be described.

When pedal assembly 40 is pedalled in the forward direction, drivesprocket 41 is rotated to rotate sprocket 50 in the forward directionvia chain 53. The forward rotation of sprocket 50 rotates sprocket 51 inthe forward direction and through transmission 49 rotates sprocket 52 inthe forward direction. The rotation of sprocket 52 in the forwarddirection causes free-wheeling forward drive sprocket 47 to rotate inthe forward direction via chain 55. The rotation of free-wheelingsprocket 47 causes axle 42 to rotate to thereby rotate sprockets 43 inthe forward direction. The rotation of sprockets 43 in turn causesprockets 45 to rotate in the forward direction via chains 46 to rotatewheels 11 to provide forward motion. Since free-wheeling sprocket 48 isfree-wheeling when the pedals are rotated in the forward direction, itis passive in this mode of operation of the vehicle and just freelyrotates. If pedalling is stopped, free-wheeling sprocket asemblies 44permit wheels 11 to continue rotating. The rotation of shaft 42 is alsopermitted to continue by free-wheeling sprockets 47 and 48.

If pedal assembly 40 is pedalled in the reverse direction, drivesprocket 41 will be turned in the reverse direction causing sprocket 50to be turned in a reverse direction via chain 53. Turning of sprocket 50in the reverse direction will cause sprocket 51 to turn in the reversedirection which will then rotate sprocket 48 in the reverse directionvia chain 54. Since a reverse rotation for sprocket 48 is its driveposition because of its reverse mounting on axle 42, this rotation ofsprocket 48 will cause axle 42 to rotate in the reverse directionthereby rotating sprockets 43 in the reverse direction. Upon rotatingsprockets 43 in the reverse direction, sprockets 45 will rotate in thereverse direction via chain 46 to actuate brakes such as coaster brakesor disc brakes on both front wheels.

This unique drive and braking system is especially important whenturning the vehicle. With independent free-wheeling sprockets mounted oneach of the front wheels, upon turning the vehicle, the outside orfaster wheel is permitted to coast while the drive is directed to theinside wheel which must move slower. Also, with brakes on both frontwheels, smooth and uniform braking is achieved.

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed and illustrated, it will be obvious to those skilled in theart that various modifications may be made without departing from thescope of the present invention. For example, while a passenger type oftricycle or three wheel vehicle has been described and illustrated, theunique steering and drive and brake means are also ideally suited forthree wheel vehicles such as golf carts, utility carts, three wheelmotorcycles and even automobiles and the like. It is also to beunderstood that while the use of a variety of chains and sprockets havebeen described, suitable pulleys and belts can be employed instead withsatisfactory results. Accordingly, through the specification and claims,the terminology sprockets and chains are meant to include pulleys andbelts and the like. Thus, the scope of the present invention is deemedto be limited only by the following claims.

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property orprivilege is claimed are defined as follows:
 1. A three wheel vehiclecomprising:a frame; a pair of front wheel and axle assemblies rotatablymounted on either side near the front of said frame; means on said framefor driving at least one of said front wheels; a strut member having itsproximal end pivotably mounted in a generally horizontal plane at therear center of said frame with its distal end extending behind saidframe; a rear wheel fork rotatably mounted at the distal end of saidstrut member so as to be rotatable about a generally vertical axis; arear wheel and axle assembly rotatably mounted in said fork; andsteering means including means for rotating said fork about a generallyvertical axis to turn said vehicle and means for simultaneously pivotingsaid strut member in a generally horizontal plane to displace said forklaterally with respect to the vehicle in a direction opposite thedirection of turning the vehicle.
 2. A three wheel vehicle according toclaim 1 wherein said proximal end of said strut member is pivotablymounted at the rear center of said frame by means of a generallyvertical shaft rigidly affixed to said proximal end of said strutmember, said shaft being rotatably mounted about a generally verticalaxis at the rear center of said frame.
 3. A three wheel vehicleaccording to claim 2 wherein said shaft depends below said strut andwherein said steering means comprises:a steering wheel rotatably mountednear the front of said frame with a steering sprocket at the lower endthereof; a pair of sprockets rigidly affixed to said depending end ofsaid shaft; a sprocket rigidly mounted near the top end of said forkbelow said strut; a first endless loop chain interconnecting saidsteering wheel sprocket and one of said shaft sprockets; and a secondendless loop chain interconnecting the other of said shaft sprockets andsaid fork sprocket.
 4. A three wheel vehicle according to claim 2further comprising guide means at the rear of said frame engaging saidfork for stabilizing said fork when said strut is pivoted to displacesaid fork laterally with respect to the vehicle.
 5. A three wheelvehicle according to claim 4 wherein said guide means comprises:agenerally horizontal guide plate mounted at the rear of said frame infront of said fork and below said strut, said guide plate having anarcuate rear portion; a guide sprocket affixed to the upper end of saidfork below said strut and in the same general plane as said guide plate;a guide chain engaging said guide sprocket with the free ends of saidguide chain being attached to either side of said guide plate; and afollower assembly between said guide plate and said guide sprocketmounted transversely to said strut comprising a rigid arm havinghorizontal rollers mounted below each end, the space between saidrollers being less than the diameter of said guide sprocket and saidguide chain passing between said rollers and in contact therewith.
 6. Athree wheel vehicle according to claim 1 wherein said driving meanscomprises:a rotatable pedal and drive sprocket assembly mounted at thefront of said frame; a transverse axle rotatably mounted on said frame;a solid mounted sprocket on each end of said transverse axle; afree-wheeling sprocket assembly mounted on each front wheel and axleassembly in chain engagement alignment with said transverse axle endsprockets, respectively; a transmission assembly rotatably mounted onsaid frame having first, second and third solid mounted transmissionsprockets, said first transmission sprocket being in chain engageablealignment with said drive sprocket; a first free-wheeling sprocketmounted on said transverse axle in the forward drive orientation inchain engageable alignment with said third transmission sprocket; asecond free-wheeling sprocket mounted on said transverse axle in thereverse drive orientation in chain engageable alignment with said secondtransmission sprocket; and endless loop chains interconnecting each ofsaid front wheel sprockets and said corresponding transverse axle endsprockets, said drive sprocket and said first transmission sprocket,said second transmission sprocket and said second free-wheelingsprocket, and said third transmission sprocket and said firstfree-wheeling sprocket.
 7. A three wheel vehicle according to claim 6further comprising brake means mounted on each of said front wheel andaxle assemblies actuatable when said front wheel free-wheeling sprocketassemblies are rotated in the reverse direction. .Iadd.
 8. A three wheelvehicle comprising:a frame having front and rear ends; a pair of wheelsrotatably mounted on either side near one end of said frame; a strutmember having its proximal end pivotably mounted in a generallyhorizontal plane at the center of the other end of said frame with itsdistal end extending rearwardly with respect to said frame; a forkrotatably mounted at the distal end of said strut member so as to berotatable about a generally vertical axis; a steerable wheel rotatablymounted in said fork; steering means including means for rotating saidfork about a generally vertical axis to turn said vehicle and means forsimultaneously pivoting said strut member in a generally horizontalplane to displace said fork laterally with respect to the vehicle in adirection opposite the direction of turning the vehicle; and means onsaid frame for driving at least one of said wheels. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 9.A three wheel vehicle according to claim 8 wherein said proximal end ofsaid strut member is pivotably mounted at the center of said frame bymeans of a generally vertical shaft rigidly affixed to said proximal endof said strut member, said shaft being rotatably mounted about agenerally vertical axis at the center of said frame. .Iaddend. .Iadd.10.A three wheel vehicle according to claim 9 wherein said shaft dependsbelow said strut and wherein said steering means comprises:a steeringwheel rotatably mounted near the front of said frame with a steeringsprocket at the lower end thereof; a pair of sprockets rigidly affixedto said depending end of said shaft; a sprocket rigidly mounted near thetop of said fork below said strut; a first endless loop chaininterconnecting said steering wheel sprocket and one of said shaftsprockets; and a second endless loop chain interconnecting the other ofsaid shaft sprockets and said fork sprocket. .Iaddend. .Iadd.11. A threewheel vehicle according to claim 9 further comprising guide means onsaid frame engaging said fork for stabilizing said fork when said strutis pivoted to displace said fork laterally with respect to the vehicle..Iaddend. .Iadd.12. A three wheel vehicle according to claim 11 whereinsaid guide means comprises: a generally horizontal guide plate mountedto said frame in front of said fork and below said strut, said guideplate having an arcuate rear portion; a guide sprocket affixed to theupper end of said fork below said strut and in the same general plane assaid guide plate; a guide chain engaging said guide sprocket with thefree ends of said guide chain being attached to either side of saidguide plate; and a follower assembly between said guide plate and saidguide sprocket mounted transversely to said strut comprising a rigid armhaving horizontal rollers mounted below each end, the space between saidrollers being less than the diameter of said guide sprocket and saidguide chain passing between said rollers and in contact therewith..Iaddend. .Iadd.13. A three wheel vehicle according to claim 8 whereinsaid driving means comprises; a rotatable pedal and drive sprocketassembly mounted at the front of said frame; a transverse axle rotatablymounted on said frame; a solid mounted sprocket on each end of saidtransverse axle; a free-wheeling sprocket assembly mounted on each ofsaid pair of wheels in chain engagement alignment with said transverseaxle end sprockets, respectively; a sprocket assembly rotatably mountedon said frame having first, second and third solid mounted transmissionsprockets, said first transmission sprocket being in chain engageablealignment with said drive sprocket; a first free-wheeling sprocketmounted on said transverse axle in the forward drive orientation inchain engageable alignment with said third transmission sprocket; asecond free-wheeling sprocket mounted on said transverse axle in thereverse drive orientation in chain engageable alignment with said secondtransmission sprocket; and endless loop chains interconnecting saidsprockets on said pair of wheels with said corresponding transverse axleend sprockets, said drive sprocket with said first transmissionsprocket, said second transmission sprocket with said secondfree-wheeling sprocket, and said third transmission sprocket with saidfirst free-wheeling sprocket. .Iaddend. .Iadd.14. A three wheel vehicleaccording to claim 13 further comprising brake means operably connectedto each of said pair of wheels and actuatable when said free-wheelingsprocket assemblies are rotated in the reverse direction. .Iaddend.